Difference between revisions of "How are productivity maps generated?"
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{| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" width="200" | {| cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" border="1" width="200" | ||
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| − | | [[Image:MZ landsat 8mar04.jpg|thumb|center|200px]]Landsat Image - Jan. 25, 2006 | + | | [[Image:MZ landsat 8mar04.jpg|thumb|center|200px|MZ landsat 8mar04.jpg]]Landsat Image - Jan. 25, 2006 |
| − | | [[Image:MZ NDVI 8mar04.jpg|thumb|center|200px]]NDVI - Jan. 25, 2006 | + | | [[Image:MZ NDVI 8mar04.jpg|thumb|center|200px|MZ NDVI 8mar04.jpg]]NDVI - Jan. 25, 2006 |
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| − | | [[Image:MZ landsat 6jan05.jpg|thumb|center|200px]]Landsat Image - June 1, 2005<br> | + | | [[Image:MZ landsat 6jan05.jpg|thumb|center|200px|MZ landsat 6jan05.jpg]]Landsat Image - June 1, 2005<br> |
| − | | [[Image:MZ NDVI 6jan05.jpg|thumb|center|200px]]NDVI - June 1, 2005 | + | | [[Image:MZ NDVI 6jan05.jpg|thumb|center|200px|MZ NDVI 6jan05.jpg]]NDVI - June 1, 2005 |
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| − | [[Image:MZ landsat 25jan06.jpg|thumb|center|200px]] | + | [[Image:MZ landsat 25jan06.jpg|thumb|center|200px|MZ landsat 25jan06.jpg]] |
Landsat Image - Aug. 3, 2004 | Landsat Image - Aug. 3, 2004 | ||
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| − | [[Image:MZ NDVI 25jan06.jpg|thumb|center|200px]] | + | [[Image:MZ NDVI 25jan06.jpg|thumb|center|200px|MZ NDVI 25jan06.jpg]] |
NDVI - Aug. 3, 2004 | NDVI - Aug. 3, 2004 | ||
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| − | These images are integrated by analyzing each pixel, defining homogeneous production areas, and obtaining the productivity map. [[Image:MZ management zone map.jpg|frame|left|500px]] | + | These images are integrated by analyzing each pixel, defining homogeneous production areas, and obtaining the productivity map. [[Image:MZ management zone map.jpg|frame|left|500px|MZ management zone map.jpg]] |
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| Effect of nitrogen levels on NDVI (cotton) <ref>''Spectral response of nitrogen fertilization in cotton (Gossypium species)'' Ansari, Mahey, et. al.</ref> | | Effect of nitrogen levels on NDVI (cotton) <ref>''Spectral response of nitrogen fertilization in cotton (Gossypium species)'' Ansari, Mahey, et. al.</ref> | ||
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This is detailed in: [[Why is crop history important to analyze NDVI and Variability|Why is crop history important to analyze NDVI and Variability? ]]<br> | This is detailed in: [[Why is crop history important to analyze NDVI and Variability|Why is crop history important to analyze NDVI and Variability? ]]<br> | ||
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== How often should Productivity Maps be updated? == | == How often should Productivity Maps be updated? == | ||
| − | + | Productivity maps can be generated anytime, but once started, this process can foster continuous improvement. By the end of the first season, and subsequent seasons, the results can be measured through yield monitor maps, or yield estimation through remote sensing. These additional layers can be used to improve the original productivity maps, and adjust the zones in the field; these updates can be done yearly or every other year to improve the knowdlege of the variability of the fields. | |
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== References == | == References == | ||
Revision as of 10:12, 19 September 2012
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Contents
Remote Sensing basics
Please review the following articles, to get familiar with the basics on Remote Sensing for Agriculture. This is recommended to understand how Productivity Maps are generated
- Remote Sensing Basics (extension.org)
- Precision Agriculture: Remote Sensing and Ground Truthing (University of Missoury Extension)
- Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI) Maps
Methodology - combining NDVI from past seasons
Productivity maps are generated based on the combination of Vegetation Index maps, through geo-statistical analysis. It's is an automated and objective, that allows to compare the field production and variability in different times, in a single map.
Remote sensing imagery is selected in key dates, when crops are vigorous, and Vegetation Index (NDVI) maps are generated on those dates. These layers are then normalized, and integrated in the productivity map. It's also possible to include information from previous yield monitor maps if available.
The following sample images and corresponding NDVI illustrate this process:
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 Landsat Image - Aug. 3, 2004 |
 NDVI - Aug. 3, 2004 |
When is the right time to select imagery?
NDVI values are closely related to phenological vegetation patterns. The phenological pattern describes the functioning of vegetation and allows understanding
its geographic variations, while the NDVI determines vegetative activity.
the following figures show the relationship between NDVI evolution and crop phenology, in different research experiences
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| Effect of nitrogen levels on NDVI (cotton) <ref>Spectral response of nitrogen fertilization in cotton (Gossypium species) Ansari, Mahey, et. al.</ref> |
A second aspect to consider is that in the maturity stage, and depending on the type of crop, there is a close correlation between NDVI values and actual yields. Images to produce Productivity Maps are selected during that stage, to show yield variability.
Thus, it's very important to evaluate the Crop history of of the fields, when processing and interpreting NDVI maps, Productivity maps, or other layers derived from remote sensing processing. The crop planted in each field, with planting and harvesting date is key to know the right windows of time to analyze imagery.
It's also critical to know if and when there was any extraordinary event, such as hail, drought, floods, etc. Those years should be discarded, in order to avoid introducing a bias on the field's variability.
This is detailed in: Why is crop history important to analyze NDVI and Variability?
How often should Productivity Maps be updated?
Productivity maps can be generated anytime, but once started, this process can foster continuous improvement. By the end of the first season, and subsequent seasons, the results can be measured through yield monitor maps, or yield estimation through remote sensing. These additional layers can be used to improve the original productivity maps, and adjust the zones in the field; these updates can be done yearly or every other year to improve the knowdlege of the variability of the fields.
References
<references />
